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- Shakespeare and his Theater
-
- Compared to the technical theaters of today, the London
- public theaters in the time of Queen Elizabeth I seem to be
- terribly limited. The plays had to be performed during daylight
- hours only and the stage scenery had to be kept very simple with
- just a table, a chair, a throne, and maybe a tree to symbolize a
- forest. Many say that these limitations were in a sense
- advantages. What the theater today can show for us
- realistically, with massive scenery and electric lighting,
- Elizabethan playgoers had to imagine. This made the playwright
- have to write in a vivid language so the audience could
- understand the play. Not having a lighting technician to work
- the control panels, Shakespeare had to indicate wether it was
- dawn or nightfall by using a speech rich in metaphors and
- descriptive details. Shakespeare's theater was far from being
- bare, the playwright did have some valuable technical sources
- that he used to the best of his ability. The costumes the actors
- wore were made to be very elaborate. Many of the costumes
- conveyed recognizable meanings for the audience such as a rich
- aristocrat wearing silk clothes with many ruffles. Many times
- there were musical accompaniments and sound effects such as
- gunpowder explosions and the beating of a pan to simulate
- thunder.
- The stage itself was also remarkably versatile. Behind it
- were doors for exits and entrances and a curtained booth or
- alcove useful for actors to hide inside. Above the stage was a
- higher acting area which symbolized a porch or balcony. This was
- useful in the story of Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo stood below
- Juliet and told her how he loved her. In the stage floor was a
- trap door which was said to lead to "hell" or a cellar, this was
- especially useful for ghosts or devils who had to appear and
- disappear throughout the play. The stage itself was shaped in a
- rectangular platform that projected into a yard that was enclosed
- by three story galleries.
- The building was round or octagonal in shape but Shakespeare
- called it a "wooden O." The audience sat in these galleries or
- else they could stand in the yard in front the stage. A roof and
- awning protected the stage and the high-priced gallery seats, but
- in the case bad weather, the "groundlings," who only paid a penny
- to stand in the yard, must have gotten wet.
- The Globe theater was built by a theatrical company in which
- Shakespeare belonged. The Globe theater, was the most popular of
- all the Elizabethan theaters, it was not in the city itself but
- on the south bank of the Thames River. This location had been
- chosen because, in 1574, public plays had been banished from the
- city by an ordinance that blamed them for corrupting the youth
- and promoting prostitution.
- A playwright had to please all members of the audience.
- This explains the wide range of topics in Elizabethan plays.
- Many plays included passages of subtle poetry, of deep
- philosophy, and scenes of terrible violence. Shakespeare was an
- actor as well as a playwright, so he new well what his audience
- wanted to see. The company's offered as many as thirty plays a
- season, customarily changing the programs daily. The actors thus
- had to hold many parts in their heads, which may account for
- Elizabethan playwrights' blank verse writing style.
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